Sicilian Puppet Theatre, also known as Opera dei Pupi, is a theatrical tradition with armed marionettes, called pupi or puppets, widespread in Sicily and other southern regions of Italy. This tradition dates back to the 19th century and tells the chivalrous deeds of Charlemagne and his paladins, contributing to spreading in popular culture the themes of epic song, such as the sense of honor and justice, loves and battles.

The puppet theatre known as Opera dei Pupi was born in Sicily at the beginning of the 19th century and became very popular among working-class people. The stories told, often improvised by puppeteers, are mainly based on medieval chivalric literature, Italian poems of the Renaissance, the lives of saints, and tales of bandits. The main schools of Sicilian pupi are those of Palermo and Catania, often managed by families, and whose puppets are built and painted according to tradition.

In the past, Opera dei Pupi performances influenced the public and provided an opportunity for social claims. However, the economic boom of the 1950s, which offered better-paid jobs, the arrival of other forms of entertainment (such as cinema and television), and tourism in recent decades have contributed to the decline of this theatrical tradition, originally intended for a local audience. In the 1960s, thanks to the commitment of some enthusiasts, the tradition was relaunched, and in 2001 the Sicilian Puppet Theatre was recognized by UNESCO as an Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.

The Sicilian Puppet Theatre is based on the use of wooden marionettes, about one and a half meters tall, which represent and evoke the characters of epic stories. The puppets are handmade and painted with great care and present detailed costumes and armor that make them look very realistic. The manipulation of the puppets is done by puppeteers, who move behind the stage while pronouncing the dialogues of the characters. The audience watches the show from a frontal position, looking at the puppets moving on a rectangular stage.

The agriculture of the "alberello pantesco" represents an ancient agricultural practice passed down from generation to generation in the community of Pantelleria. This vine cultivation technique is a unique example in its kind, as the "alberello" is low and protected by a concave area of land, allowing it to produce grapes and survive adverse weather conditions that characterize the island for most of the year.

In March 2023, the Pantelleria Island National Park inaugurated the Virtual Museum of the "Vite ad alberello" of Pantelleria, which is the first large virtual and "immaterial" collection as testimony to the historical recognition of UNESCO of the Agricultural Practice of the "Vite ad alberello" in Pantelleria.

The practitioners of Sardinian Tenore singing are mainly found in Barbagia and central Sardinia, and perform in local bars (called "su zilleri"), as well as in institutional celebrations and ceremonies, such as the Barbaricino carnival. This form of cultural expression continues to be affected by socio-economic changes, from the decline of Sardinia's millennia-old pastoral tradition to the rise of mass tourism that can compromise the original singing and its repertoires. However, it remains a unique form of singing, with an oral tradition that has preserved its authenticity over the centuries. The Sardinian Tenore singing was declared an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2005.