Kazakhstan's megalopolis between mountains, culture and authentic nomadic spirit
Still a little-traveled destination, Kazakhstan conquers with its grandiose nature and a deep-rooted cultural heritage. Between imposing mountains, endless steppes, dizzying canyons and crystal-clear lakes, the country offers spectacular and unspoiled scenery. What makes the trip even more special is the warm welcome of the Kazakhs, proud custodians of ancient nomadic traditions that today coexist with a modern openness to the world. An authentic experience for those looking for emotions off the beaten track.
The fulcrum of this fascinating universe is Almaty, the ancient capital, today the beating heart of Kazakh modernity. Embraced by majestic snow-capped mountains and spruce forests, it seduces in every season with postcard views in a perfect balance between nature and urban life.
Walking through Almaty means discovering a vibrant and surprisingly green city among fountains, gardens, museums, traditional bazaars, contemporary design cafes and an eclectic food scene, which reflects the multicultural soul of the city. In winter, the snow envelops the city in a muffled and evocative light, while in spring and summer the air is filled with the scents of pine trees. The entertainment opportunities are for all tastes and the main attractions of Almaty are absolutely unique and waiting to be discovered.
Old Square
The political heart of the city during the Soviet era, Old Square (Old Square) is one of Almaty's most significant historical squares. Built in the 1920s, it is surrounded by imposing monumental-style buildings and dominated by the former Government Palace, now home to the Kazakh Al-Frab National University.
The building, with its solemn architecture, is an example of Soviet classicism. In the center of the square there is also a green area with fountains and benches, where you can walk or relax. Although it has lost its role as the center of city power (now moved to the modern Republic Square) it remains a landmark for locals and an interesting stop for tourists, within walking distance of the Central State Museum, Panfilov Park and the Cathedral of the Ascension.
Cathedral of the Ascension
In the heart of Panfilov Park, among tree-lined avenues and quiet atmospheres, stands one of the most fascinating symbols of Kazakhstan's architectural heritage: the Cathedral of the Ascension in Almaty, also known as Zenkov Cathedral, named after its designer, engineer Andrey Zenkov. Built between 1904 and 1907, this Neo-Byzantine-style marvel is made entirely of wood (even nails have been reduced to a minimum) and is considered one of the tallest wooden structures in the world.
Its elegant silhouette stands out for its golden domes and pastel shades that recall Russian Orthodox art. Inside, frescoes and sacred icons create an atmosphere of meditation, while natural light filters through large stained glass windows. The building is included in the list of historical and cultural monuments of Kazakhstan.
Central Mosque of Almaty
The Central Mosque of Almaty, inaugurated in 1999, is one of the largest in Kazakhstan, capable of accommodating up to 7,000 worshippers. It is located on Baizakov Street with minarets silhouetted against the backdrop of the Zailiysky Alatau Mountains and is a tribute to Muslim architecture. The building features a white marble façade, a golden dome, minarets, a courtyard, and walls with verses from the Koran.
Inside, large rooms dedicated to prayers (separately for men and women), rooms for reading the Koran, a hall for weddings and rooms for Islamic lessons. The internal courtyard is an oasis of tranquility, ideal for reflection and contemplation, between ornamental details and natural lighting. Also accessible to non-Muslims, it requires modest clothing and respect for the rules of visitation. An unmissable destination for travellers interested in culture, spirituality and architecture, it is an unforgettable stop in the discovery of the city.
Pedestrian street Panfilova
In the center of Almaty, Panfilova Street is one of the most elegant and lively pedestrian streets in the city, perfect for discovering the urban soul of the Kazakh metropolis. The granite-paved promenade extends for about a kilometer among fountains, artistic benches, flowerbeds and historic architectural views.
Dedicated to Soviet General Ivan Panfilov, a hero of World War II, the street passes through atmospheric historic districts and connects important cultural and religious attractions, such as the Cathedral of the Ascension in Panfilov Park. Along the way, you will admire tsarist-style buildings, theaters, cinemas, boutiques, bookstores, art galleries, shopping malls (Tsum and Passage), cafes and restaurants perfect for a gourmet stop. In all seasons, this street is transformed: flowery and vibrant in spring, lively in summer, romantic under the Christmas lights in winter.
Central State Museum in Almaty
The Central State Museum, built in 1985 on Furmanov Street in central Almaty, is the largest and most important museum in Kazakhstan and one of the main in Central Asia. Spread over three floors, it houses four permanent exhibition areas on the history of Kazakhstan (from the Bronze Age to 1997, when Almaty was no longer the capital).
The collections bring together over 300,000 objects, including fossils from the Paleolithic, archaeological finds, traditional clothing, ornaments, military instruments, coins and musical instruments. Each room leads through the eras, from prehistoric origins to the present day, telling the nomadic history, the Soviet empire and the independence of the country. The exterior is also iconic: an imposing building with facades punctuated by columns and a large blue dome, framed by a well-kept garden at the entrance. In addition to permanent exhibitions, the museum also organizes temporary exhibitions. For fans of archaeology, history and Kazakh culture, the museum is an essential stop on their trip to Almaty.
Republic Square
A symbol of Kazakhstan's modern identity, Republic Square (Respublika Alañy) is Almaty's main square. Monumental and scenic, it extends along the artery of Dostyk Avenue and represents the nerve center of Almaty's political and ceremonial life.
Built in the 1980s during the Soviet period as a venue for state parades, the square is now an urban and cultural landmark, surrounded by important institutional buildings, such as the City Hall (Akimat), the seat of the regional government and the House of the Republic, the former headquarters of the Communist Party. In the center of the square stands the majestic Independence Monument. A meeting point for events, celebrations and concerts, it is also a pedestrian area where you can stroll through flowerbeds, fountains and green spaces. In winter, it transforms into a festive area, with Christmas lights and seasonal markets.
Independence Monument
The Independence Monument of Kazakhstan is located in the heart of Republic Square and is an important symbol of national identity. Inaugurated in 1996 on the occasion of the fifth anniversary of independence from the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the monument celebrates the country's rebirth as a sovereign and modern state.
At the center of the composition stands a 28-metre-high column surmounted by the golden statue of the legendary "Golden Warrior", inspired by an ancient Saka chief discovered in a tomb in the Almaty region. The figure, placed on a winged leopard (a symbol of strength, wisdom and power) represents the connection between Kazakhstan's historical roots and its path towards the future. At the foot of the column are bronze bas-reliefs illustrating significant moments in Kazakh history. The Independence Monument is also one of the best places to get a view of Almaty.
The Almaty State Opera and Ballet Theatre
In Kabanbay Batyr Street 110, among tree-lined avenues and historic architecture, stands one of the most beloved symbols of Kazakh cultural life: the Abay State Academic Opera and Ballet Theater. Founded in 1934 and named after the Kazakh poet and philosopher Abay Kunanbayev, the theater embodies the lyrical soul of the country. The building reflects the elegance of classical Soviet architecture, enriched with decorative elements inspired by Kazakh culture.
Inside, a majestic hall hosts opera, ballet and symphonic concerts proposed by dancers, opera singers and musicians of high level. The Abay Theatre is famous not only for its productions of Russian and European classics, such as "La Traviata", "Swan Lake" or "Carmen", but also for original works of the Kazakh tradition, including "Abay" and "Kyz Zhibek". The theater also houses a museum where you can admire archive photos, theatrical costumes and theatrical posters from the foundation of the theater until 1930.
First President's Park
In the south of Almaty, at the foot of the Zailiysky Alatau mountains, the Park of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan is one of the most scenic green lungs of the city. Inaugurated in 2011 and named after Nursultan Nazarbayev, the first president of the independent country, it covers over 70 hectares, offering an oasis of tranquility for walks, sports activities and enjoying the beauty of nature.
Characterized by tree-lined avenues, fountains, lawns and ponds, it houses the monument dedicated to the President in the center, framed by a classical colonnade overlooking a flowered parterre. From here the panoramic view opens up of the mountain range that embraces the city to the south. In the summer months, the green areas come alive with outdoor events and activities while, in winter, the snow gives the park a fairytale atmosphere. Accessible from the city center by taxi or public transport, it is an ideal stop to discover a more contemplative face of Almaty.
Central Park
Almaty's Central Park, also known as Gorky Park, is one of the most beloved places for its relaxing atmosphere. A short distance from the city center, it extends over 100 hectares of greenery surrounded by centuries-old trees, lakes and paths. Founded in 1856, initially as a botanical garden, the park has maintained its original charm, evolving into a space where nature, culture and entertainment coexist in harmony.
It is the perfect place for walks, picnics or a bike ride along the tree-lined avenues. Inside the park there is a boating pond with rowing boats, a zoo, a Ferris wheel, rides and an open-air cinema. In the summer months, it comes alive with shows and sports activities, while in winter it transforms into a suggestive snowy landscape. In Central Park you can also admire sculptures, monuments and historic fountains, along with cafes and kiosks where you can taste typical Kazakh cuisine.
Park of the 28 Panfilov Guards
The Park of the 28 Panfilov Guards represents one of the most iconic places in the city, combining landscape, culture and historical memory. Named after the 28 soldiers of the Panfilov Division who fought against the Nazi advance during World War II, the park is now a landmark in the city. Wide tree-lined avenues, flowerbeds and solemn monuments make this green space an oasis of calm in the urban fabric.
The park is also home to important historical and cultural buildings, such as the Cathedral of the Ascension and the Museum of Traditional Kazakh Musical Instruments. In the center of the park is the Monument to the Heroes of the Panfilov Guard, an impressive bronze sculpture commemorating the soldiers who fell in 1941 during the defense of Moscow. Every year, on May 9, the park becomes a place of commemoration during Victory Day, with ceremonies and floral tributes. Perfect for a walk or a relaxing break between visits to the city.
Kok Tobe and TV Tower
On top of the hill of the same name at an altitude of 1,100 meters, Kok Tobe Park is one of the most iconic and visited places in Almaty. Just a few minutes from the city center, the park offers entertainment, relaxation and breathtaking views of the Kazakh metropolis and the Zailiysky Alatau mountains. The most evocative way to reach the top is with the panoramic cable car, which starts from the Medeu district and offers spectacular views.
Alternatively, you can drive along a scenic road through the hills. At the top, attractions for all ages: gardens, play areas, a small zoo, panoramic restaurants, craft souvenir stalls, the Beatles monument and a terrace where you can admire Almaty from above. During the summer, the park hosts events and concerts while in the winter it transforms into an enchanted corner with snowy views. Among the symbols of the park there is also the Almaty TV Tower, 372 meters high, visible from every point of the city, but not accessible to the public.
Arbat
In the center of Almaty, the Arbat or Zhibek Zholy Street in the Medeu district, is one of the liveliest pedestrian streets. Inspired by the famous European boulevards and the Moscow Arbat, this area has become one of the favorite destinations for those who want to immerse themselves in the everyday atmosphere of the city. Lined with local craft shops, art galleries, fashion boutiques, cafes and restaurants, it is perfect for a relaxing stroll between shopping, urban photography and sampling Kazakh cuisine.
Street artists, musicians and painters contribute to a dynamic environment. Highlights along the way include the Tsum Shopping Centre, the open-air theatre and modern sculptures. During weekends and the summer months, it hosts creative markets, cultural events, and outdoor art performances, making it one of the busiest places in Almaty, perfect for a break between visits to museums and monuments.
Green Bazaar
The Green Bazaar, known as Zelenyy Bazar, is a must-see stop to discover the authentic flavors of Almaty and Kazakhstan. A historic covered market, it is located in the city center, ideal for shopping in a sensory experience among colors, scents and voices that tell the multicultural soul of the city. Founded in the early twentieth century, it stands out for its functional Soviet architecture and lively atmosphere.
Here, among the stalls, you can find fresh products from the Kazakh steppes and mountains: dried fruit, honey, spices, tea, vegetables, artisanal cheeses, meats and fish. Famous are the stalls of kumys (fermented mare's milk), shubat (camel milk), baursaki (traditional pancakes) and kazy, the typical Kazakh sausage. There is no shortage of specialties of Uzbek, Korean and Russian cuisine. It is also a great place to buy local souvenirs such as traditional clothes, felt hats (kalpak), hand-woven carpets and carved wooden objects.
Around Almaty
Medeu Ice Rink
The Medeu Ice Rink is located at an altitude of 1,691 meters in the Medeu Gorge, a 20-minute drive from Almaty, and is one of Kazakhstan's most iconic attractions. The sports complex is named after Medeu Pusurmanov, a local patron who contributed to the development of the Almaty region in the 19th century.
Built in 1972 during Soviet times, the facility hosts international speed skating and ice hockey competitions. In winter, the rink is frequented by skaters while in summer it hosts events and concerts. In Medeu you can go up to the nearby Shymbulak Ski Resort via a cable car, or explore the hiking trails in the area. You can rent skates, take part in courses or enjoy the spectacle of the high altitude with a cup of hot tea.
Shymbulak Ski Resort
Nestled in the picturesque gorge of Ile Alatau, a few kilometers from Almaty, the Shymbulak ski resort is a true paradise for mountain lovers. Perfect for those who want to ski or snowboard surrounded by spectacular scenery, it also offers the opportunity to enjoy a gourmet break among the peaks, with panoramic restaurants where the silence of nature is the backdrop to local and international dishes.
Located at an altitude that guarantees pure air and breathtaking views, Shymbulak resort is ideal for both winter activities and summer excursions and outdoor sports. Temperatures in Shymbulak are on average 10°C lower than in Almaty, so warm and appropriate clothing is always recommended even during sunny days.
Great Lake Almaty
Just 28 km south of the city, nestled in the mountains of the Ile-Alatau National Park at an altitude of 2,511 meters, the Big Almaty Lake is one of Kazakhstan's most spectacular natural wonders. With its glacial waters, it offers a postcard scenery framed by snow-capped peaks that exceed 4,000 meters.
Formed in the seismic era, the lake is about 1.6 km long and up to 40 meters deep but bathing and water activities are prohibited. The Great Lake of Almaty is a must-see destination for hikers, nature photographers and trekking enthusiasts. Along the path that climbs towards the lake you will encounter spruce forests, alpine streams, panoramic views and an astrophysical observatory. With a special permit, you can continue to the border with Kyrgyzstan, a few kilometers away. The road to the lake is passable by car, but it is recommended to visit it on a guided excursion.
Kok-Jailau
Kok-Jailau is located between two gorges (the Great Lake of Almaty and the Medeu Gorge) and is one of the most fascinating corners of mountain nature around Almaty. The name means 'Green Pasture' in Kazakh, and it well describes this plateau covered with flowering meadows, surrounded by Tien Shan fir forests and snow-capped ridges. At an altitude of around 2,250 meters, it offers open vistas, unspoiled nature and relative proximity to the city.
To reach Kok-Jailau you start from the village of Medeu or Prospekt Dostyk, climbing through forests and viewpoints. The Kok-Jailau area, part of the Ile-Alatau National Park, is the ideal place for those who love trekking, nature photography, high-altitude picnics and the silence of the mountain. The hike (about 2-3 hours on foot) is suitable for those with an average physical fitness. The best time to visit is from May to October.
Canyon di Charyn
About 200 kilometers east of Almaty, on the border with Kyrgyzstan and not far from China, lies the Charyn Canyon, one of Kazakhstan's most stunning scenic gems. Carved over the millennia by the Charyn River, it extends for over 150 kilometers, with rock walls that reach 300 meters in height.
The most famous section is the Valley of the Castles, a path about 3 kilometers long with pinnacles and stone towers. Charyn National Park is home to the Sogdiana Ash Wreck Grove, an Ice Age forest and a natural monument listed in the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. The valley is easily walkable and ends near the Charyn River, with relaxation areas and camping. A perfect destination for hikers, photographers and lovers of wild landscapes, it can also be reached with organized day tours from Almaty or you can stay overnight under the stars or in an eco-yurt. The best time to visit: spring and autumn, when the weather is milder.
Texts by Alisè Vitri - Avion Tourism Magazine
Photos for editorial use only: Copyright © Sisterscom.com / Depositphotos
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Where to stay in Almaty
TOURS AND EXCURSIONS IN ALMATY
Almaty offers a wide variety of excursions, perfect for every type of traveler. In the city, guided tours allow you to discover the main historical and cultural places: from the majestic Cathedral of the Ascension to the Park of the 28 Panfilov Guards, to lively bazaars such as the Green Bazaar. You can stroll along the Arbat, admire the Soviet architecture of Republic Square and visit museums such as the city history museum or the Opera House, the hub of the cultural scene.
For those who want to explore the surroundings, the possibilities are amazing. Daily excursions take you to Shymbulak Ski Resort and Medeu Ice Rink, both of which are set in the alpine scenery of Ile Alatau. Other tours lead to the Great Lake of Almaty, Kok-Jailau, Charyn Canyon or the picturesque Kolsai and Kaindy lakes. All ideal experiences to immerse yourself in unspoiled nature, including trekking, breathtaking views and outdoor adventures.
Partnership with GetYourGuide
Almaty city tour with lunch & museum tickets
Almaty city tour with guide, museum entrance fees. Hotel pick-up and visit of: Central State Museum of Kazakhstan, Almaty Central Square, Independence Monument of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Traditional Kazakh lunch at a local restaurant and return to the hotel. Then visit of: Park of the 28 Panfilov Heroes, Walk of Fame, Ascension Cathedral, Kazakh Museum of Folk Musical Instruments, Rakhat Chocolate Factory shop, Green Bazaar for souvenir shopping or local food tasting. Transfer by car or minibus. Duration: 7 hours. Free cancellation up to 24 hours in advance. Book now.
Food tour in Almaty
Breakfast at a local café, visit the Green Bazaar to taste dried fruits, nuts, local delicacies and traditional sweets. Kazakh lunch in a traditional restaurant to try beshbarmak (Kazakhstan's national dish), qazy (horse sausage) and drink kymyz (fermented mare's milk). After lunch, short city tour to the Park of the 28 Panfilov Guards and the Cathedral of the Ascension. End of the tour in an Almaty chocolate shop and in a sweet shop, to learn how to prepare and taste them. Included: transportation and English-speaking guide. Duration: 8 hours. Free cancellation up to 24 hours in advance. Book now.
Almaty Great Lake tour
Visit the Great Lake of Almaty at 2500 meters above sea level in the mountains. To reach the lake you climb for 6 km and then descend for another 6 km (total 12 km on foot). Alternatively, you can hire a local driver. Included: hotel pickup and drop-off, national park entrance fees. Lunch excluded. Duration: 4-6 hours. Free cancellation up to 24 hours in advance. Book now.
Medeu, Shymbulak and Kok-Tobe day tour with lunch
The day tour includes a visit to the Medeu Ice Rink and Ski Center, Shymbulak Ski Center, Kazakhstan Central State Museum, and Kok-Tobe Hill. Ascent by cable car up to 2,260 meters in Shymbulak. After the visit to Shymbulak, lunch at a local café. Then, visit of: Central State Museum of Kazakhstan, Green Bazaar, the "Rahat" chocolate shop, Park of the 28 Panfilov Guards and the Zenkov Cathedral. Last stop in Kok-Tobe. Entrance fees and transfers, included. Meals excluded. Duration: 13 hours. Free cancellation up to 24 hours in advance. Book now.
Day trip to Charyn Canyon
Private tour of Charyn Canyon National Park to see the 3-million-year-old Charyn Canyon with an expert guide and walk through the canyons. Stops for coffee or lunch breaks (not included in the tour price). Hotel pickup and drop-off in Almaty. Duration: 1 day. Free cancellation up to 24 hours in advance. Book now.
